
INDIVIDUALS AND SOCIETIES

UNIT 1 - Revolutions
SOI: Revolutions are turning points in human history, when conditions cause people to
rise up and seek a fundamental change in society.
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THE INTERNET REVOLUTION
Now, onto the main topic that I chose. I want to ask you a question.
What do you think enabled us to attend school and our jobs in this pandemic? Take a moment. Yes, it's the internet. I wanted to learn about the history of the internet and tell you how it evolved, answering the question of how the internet revolution changed the way we interact with each other.
Watch my video on the history of the internet!
Why is the internet considered a revolution?
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There were significant changes before and after the internet. Thinking about how things were different required me to talk to parents and ask them how things were 20 years ago. Watching some videos helped in seeing the differences.
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Our life has significantly improved – many things and services are easily available for a lower cost
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Life has changed in some worrisome ways as well – for example the social web has created concerns about how companies are harvesting people’s attention to collect our data and show advertisements – and at the cost to people’s health
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Education has also changed – it would be very difficult to imagine the type of virtual classes done over the past year without the Web - connecting teachers and students by video, online documents and fast internet speeds.
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The way we lead life is completely different – how we buy groceries, how we call a taxi, how we book a flight ticket or hotel.

How was life different before & after the internet revolution?
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How we connect with family and friends –
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Earlier in person, by paper mail, by expensive phone calls
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Now by chats, video calls, emails, social networks
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Easier to talk to people around the world – this has changed the way we learn, work and collaborate
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Easier to share and find information – more accessible and the internet is a treasure trove of information – a massive library of knowledge – however since it is easy to publish – a lot of misinformation exists – so it becomes very important to do “claim testing” – using intuition, logic, evidence, authority, and use e.g. OPVL framework.
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Playing games meant physically being with them and using a chess set or a board game. Now we can do this virtually, by hopping on a call and playing Minecraft.
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Easier to find services and employment in skilled work – e.g. Uber and Ola have made it easy to find a taxi anywhere and provide jobs to thousands of drivers. “Urban Company” helps find skilled people who can help fix things in houses and plumbers, carpenters can now directly find work based on their customers requirements.
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Businesses run with internet as a critical part of connecting with their customers and their partners
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Money and internet: Earlier people (grandfathers still do) visited physical banks to carry out many transactions – but now we rarely go to a bank or even deal in paper money. Banks and financial companies use the internet as a backbone to connect among themselves and to connect with their customers – paper money is becoming less important with UPI Apps like PayTM, GooglePay and PhonePe.


What should the internet not change?
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Many things are still best experienced in person - For example new places, can only be best experienced by travel.
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Similarly good food can only be fully experienced by tasting it.
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Sports are best experienced in person on the field
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In-person interactions are important for friendships and many aspects of work and learning.
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Otherwise, life can become like that shown in “The Matrix” or “Ready player One” where humans have surrendered to a very different life.


How societies are governed
- Monarchy
- Totalitarianism
- Dictatorship
- Autocracy
- Democracy


Revolutions that we studied about
Scientific revolution -
Russian revolution -
Green revolution -
Sepoy mutiny -
Chinese revolution -

World population
Sustainable development -
Population pyramids -
UNIT 2 - Population
SOI: The population of human societies change due to a variety of processes, and sustainable development can help to promote more equity in these societies.
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UNIT 3 - How societies are governed
The governance of societies is organized by different systems that are used to distribute power, affecting fairness and development.
What we also learnt throughout the year
